IJapan, ukongeza ekubeni lilizwe elifanekiselwa yisayensi yanamhlanje, ikwalilizwe elineemfuno eziphezulu zobuchule kwicandelo lobomi basekhaya. Xa sithatha intsimi yamanzi okusela yemihla ngemihla njengomzekelo, iJapan yaqala ukusebenzisaimibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyonjengemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi ezidolophini ngo-1982. Namhlanje, umlinganiselo wemibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo esetyenziswa eTokyo, eJapan uphezulu ngaphezu kwama-95%.
Kutheni iJapan isebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwicandelo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi okusela?
Ngaphambi kowe-1955, imibhobho ye-galvanized yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi empompini eTokyo, eJapan. Ukususela ngowe-1955 ukuya kowe-1980, imibhobho yeplastiki kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi-plastiki edibeneyo yayisetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi kunye neengxaki zokuvuza kwemibhobho ye-galvanized zisonjululwe kancinci, ukuvuza kuthungelwano lokuhambisa amanzi eTokyo kuseyinto embi kakhulu, kunye nezinga lokuvuza elifikelela kwi-40%-45% engamkelekanga kwiminyaka yoo-1970.
I-Tokyo Water Supply Bureau yenze uphando olunzulu ngeengxaki zokuvuza kwamanzi kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ngokohlalutyo, ama-60.2% okuvuza kwamanzi kubangelwa kukungaqini ngokwaneleyo kwezinto zombhobho wamanzi kunye namandla angaphandle, kwaye ama-24.5% okuvuza kwamanzi kubangelwa kuyilo olungenangqiqo lweendawo zombhobho. Ama-8.0% okuvuza kwamanzi kubangelwa kuyilo olungenangqiqo lwendlela yombhobho ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokwandiswa kweplastiki.
Ngenxa yoku, iJapan Waterworks Association icebisa ukuphucula izixhobo zemibhobho yamanzi kunye neendlela zokudibanisa. Ukususela ngoMeyi 1980, yonke imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwama-50 mm ukusuka kumgca oncedisayo wamanzi ukuya kwimitha yamanzi iya kusebenzisa imibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iijoyinti zemibhobho, iingqiniba kunye neempompo.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiSebe leMinikelo yamanzi laseTokyo, njengoko izinga lokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo linyuka ukusuka kwi-11% ngo-1982 ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-90% ngo-2000, inani lokuvuza kwamanzi lehla ngokufanayo ukusuka ngaphezulu kwama-50,000 ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya kwi-2-3 ngo-2000. , isombulule ngokusisiseko ingxaki yokuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi okusela kubemi.
Namhlanje eTokyo, eJapan, imibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ifakiwe kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala, nto leyo ephucule kakhulu umgangatho wamanzi kwaye yaphucula ukumelana neenyikima. Ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo eJapan, singafumanisa ukuba iingenelo zemibhobho yamanzi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko oluluhlaza lokusingqongileyo, ulondolozo lwezixhobo, kunye nempilo kunye nococeko azinakuphikiswa.
Kwilizwe lethu, imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lezomkhosi. Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe ngama-30 yophuhliso, iteknoloji yemveliso iphucuke kakhulu, kwaye iye yangena kancinci kancinci kwicandelo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi okusela, kwaye iye yakhuthazwa ngamandla ngurhulumente. Ngomhla we-15 kuCanzibe, ngo-2017, uMphathiswa wezeZindlu noPhuhliso lweeDolophu zaseTshayina ukhuphe iMimiselo yoBugcisa beNkqubo ethi "Ipayipi Yamanzi Okusela Ngokuthe Ngqo yeZakhiwo kunye neendawo zokuhlala", echaza ukuba imibhobho mayibe yenziwe ngemibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ngaphantsi kolu hlobo, iTshayina izele iqela labameli bamashishini karhulumente kunye namashishini abucala anezakhono zobugcisa eziphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-21-2024